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मंदिर प्रवेश हा समाजिक सुधारणातील एक महत्त्वाचा भाग बनून राहिलेला आहे. वरील घटना ही विशेषत: बिगर हिंदूंच्या संदर्भातील असली तरी सामाजिक सुधारकांकडून लढल्या गेलेल्या लढ्याचा महत्त्वाचा भाग दलितांच्या मंदिर प्रवेशाबाबतीतला होता. स्वातंत्र्यचळवळीच्या काळात जेव्हा अनेक सामाजिक चळवळी उच्च जातींचे वर्चस्व मोडून काढण्याचे आणि पुरुषप्रधानतेविरुद्ध जाण्याचे काम करत होत्या तेव्हा दलितांना शिक्षणाचा व मंदिर प्रवेशाचा हक्क आणि स्त्रियांना शिक्षणाचा हक्क ही मुख्य आव्हाने होती. १९२० च्या दशकात अशा दोन मोठ्या चळवळी होत्या. त्यातील एक नाशिकच्या काळाराम मंदिराची आणि दुसरी पेरियार रामस्वामी नायकर यांचा पुढाकार असलेली वायकोम इथली. त्याच सुमारास गुरुवायूर मंदिरही बातम्यांमध्ये होते, पण अस्पृश्यांच्या मंदिर प्रवेशाच्या मुद्दयामुळे नव्हे तर मंदिरापुढच्या रस्त्याचा वापर करण्याची परवानगी त्यांना द्यायची की नाही या मुद्यावरून.
आंबेडकर आणि पेरियारांसारख्या नेत्यांनी दाखवलेला मार्ग, तितक्या तीव्रपणे नसला तरी इतर महत्त्वाच्या नेत्यांनीही अनुसरला. दलितांच्या अवस्थेमुळे गांधीजी व्यथित झाले आणि त्यांनी उच्चवर्णीय हिंदूंना अस्पृश्यतेचे समूळ उच्चाटन करायचे कळकळीचे आवाहन केले. इतकेच करून ते थांबले नाहीत तर अस्पृश्यांचा `हरिजन' असा सन्मान केला. दलितांच्यात मिसळून गांधीजींनी स्वत:च्या वागण्यातून मार्ग दाखवून दिला. दलितांबाबतच्या गांधींच्या मतांवर बरीच टीका असली तरी एक गोष्ट नक्की, ते उच्च जातींना उद्देशून बोलत होते, त्यांच्या सदसद्विवेकबुद्धीला वर्षानुवर्षांच्या जुन्या चालीरिती व मानसिकतेवर मात करायचे आवाहन करत होते.
आंबेडकरांसारख्या या क्षेत्रातील अग्रेसर व्यक्तीच्या दृष्टीने मंदिर प्रवेश प्रतीकात्मक होता कारण हिंदू धर्माच्या सर्वसाधारणपणे आचरणाचा मुख्य भाग ब्राह्मणी धर्मशास्त्र होते आणि त्यात कनिष्ठ जातींच्या लोकांना आदराची जागा असूच शकत नाही याची त्यांना जाणीव होती. त्यामुळेच त्यांनी जाहीर केले की, ते हिंदू म्हणून जन्माला आले ते त्यांच्या हातात नव्हते, पण ते हिंदू म्हणून मरणार नाहीत. त्यांनी योग्य वेळी, १९५६ साली त्यांच्या असंख्य अनुयायांसह बौद्ध धर्माचा स्वीकार केला. मोठ्या संख्येने होणाऱ्या दलितांमधील धर्मांतरात आजही हाच कल दिसून येतो.
मंदिर प्रवेश सुधारणा एका मर्यादेपलीकडे जाऊ शकल्या नाहीत. अनेक सुधारकांनी सर्वांसाठी मंदिर प्रवेशाची मागणी केली. सद्य सामाजिक स्थितीत योग्य जमीन सुधारणांच्या अभावामुळे ब्राह्मणी विचारधारा व जमीनदारी या आधुनिकपूर्व भारताच्या आधारस्तंभाची पकड टिकून राहिली आहे. पुरीच्या जगन्नाथ मंदिरात आदिवासींना प्रवेश नाकारणे, त्याच मंदिरात इंदिरा गांधी पारशी आहेत म्हणून त्यांना प्रवेश नाकारणे, मंदिरातील देव अविवाहित असल्याने प्रजननक्षम वयातील महिलेला प्रवेशासाठी परवानगी देता येत नाही म्हणून शबरीमाला मंदिरात, महिला प्रशासकीय अधिकाऱ्यास प्रवेश नाकारणे, यासारख्या घटना घडतच आहेत. आजही आपल्या देशातील खेड्यांमध्ये अनेक ठिकाणी दलितांना प्रवेश नाही. याबाबत काही वेळा बातम्याही येतात, पण ही तिथली नेहमीचीच बाब असते. हिंदू मंदिरामध्ये वेगवेगळे रिवाज आहेत आणि थातुर-मातुर बदल करून त्यचे काटेकोर पालन केलेच जाते. हे सुुरू असतानाच बहुतेक ठिकाणी मशिदींना परवानगी असूनही मक्केत मंदिरे व चर्चेस्ना परवानगी का नसते असा आक्रमक प्रचारही चालू आहे.
खरे तर, पुरोहितवर्गाने लादलेला काटेकोरपणा ही कुठल्या एका धार्मिक परंपरेची मक्तेदारी नाही. पुरोहित, धर्मगुरु वर्ग हा धर्मसंस्थेचा
अजिबात लवचीक नसलेला भाग आहे. भक्ती, सूफी आणि िख्र्चाश्न गूढवादासारख्या लोकप्रिय धार्मिक परंपरांमध्ये धर्माकडे सर्वांना एकत्र आणणारा घटक म्हणून बघितले जाते. त्यांच्यात खुलेपणा आणि सर्वांना समानता असते. पण जिथे पुरोहितवर्गाचे वर्चस्व आहे तिथे धर्म कुठलाही का असेना, बंदी घालणे हा रिवाज आहे.
काही वेळा असंही ऐकू येतं की `आम्ही' हिंदू खूप उदार आहोत आणि आमच्या धार्मिक स्थळी सर्वांना प्रवेश आहे, मात्र बाकीचे असं करत नाहीत. हा सत्याचा विपर्यास आहे. खरे तर धार्मिक ठिकाणांचे रिवाज त्याला नियंत्रण करणारे पुरोहित कोण आहेत यानुसार बदलत असतात. हे पुरोहित विशिष्ट धर्माच्या परंपरांचे राखणदार असल्याचा दावा करतात. हिंदू धर्मातही ब्राह्मणी परंपरेने नियंत्रित केलेले रिवाज श्रमणिक परंपरेच्या तुलनेत अधिक ताठर आहेत. मुसलमानांमध्येही शिया व सुन्नींमध्ये पद्धतींमध्ये फरक आहे. पारसी अग्यारबिगर रही पारसी लोकांना प्रवेशास बंदी असल्याची पाटी ठळकपणे लावलेली असते.
बहुतेक सर्वच धार्मिक ठिकाणी सुधारणांची गरज जाणवत असताना, एका विशिष्ट धर्मात त्याची गरज असल्याचे सांगणे अस्वस्थ करणारे आहे. धर्माच्या अस्मितेभोवती फिरणारे राजकीय घटक यांचे धर्मग्रंथ व तत्त्वज्ञानाचे उदात्तीकरण करण्याचा प्रयत्न करतात, आणि इतर धर्मांच्या आचरणाबरोबर त्याची तुलना करतात. त्यांच्या धर्माच्या श्रेष्ठत्वाचा दावा करण्यासाठी या कृती असतात. खरे तर, आचरणाची तुलना आचरणाबरोबर करून धर्माच्या नैतिक शिकवणुकीतून मानवी पैलू निवडणे हा योग्य दृष्टिकोन ठरेल. या प्रसंगातून, धर्माच्या आचरणातील प्रबल झालेल्या वाईट गोष्टींबाबत आपण पुन्हा जागे झाले पाहिजे व त्यावर मात करण्यासाठी प्रयत्न केले पाहिजेत.
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